{"id":3816,"date":"2013-12-03T16:46:29","date_gmt":"2013-12-03T08:46:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ec.moneydj.com\/joe\/?p=3816"},"modified":"2014-07-18T17:22:49","modified_gmt":"2014-07-18T09:22:49","slug":"%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e4%ba%ba%e9%9d%a0%e8%87%aa%e5%b7%b1%e7%88%ad%e5%8f%96%e5%88%b0%e8%89%af%e5%a5%bd%e7%9a%84%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e5%92%8c%e6%9c%83%e5%81%9a%e4%ba%8b%e7%9a%84%e6%94%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.moneydj.com\/joe\/2013\/12\/03\/%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e4%ba%ba%e9%9d%a0%e8%87%aa%e5%b7%b1%e7%88%ad%e5%8f%96%e5%88%b0%e8%89%af%e5%a5%bd%e7%9a%84%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e5%92%8c%e6%9c%83%e5%81%9a%e4%ba%8b%e7%9a%84%e6%94%bf\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u722d\u53d6\u5230\u826f\u597d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6703\u505a\u4e8b\u7684\u653f\u5e9c"},"content":{"rendered":"

1776\u5e74\uff0c\u4e9e\u7576\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff08Adam Smith\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\uff08The Wealth of Nations\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e02\u5834\u4f9b\u7d66\u8207\u9700\u6c42\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u8207\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5c60\u592b\u3001\u91c0\u9152\u5546\u4eba\u3001\u9eb5\u5305\u5e2b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6211\u5011\u98df\u54c1\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5f9e\u6211\u5011\u9019\u4e00\u7aef\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u5831\uff0c\u8b00\u6c42\u500b\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u8981\u7372\u5f97\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6703\u8003\u616e\u4ed6\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u5229\u76ca\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7d93\u6fdf\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u76e4\u7b97\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u500b\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5e02\u5834\u6703\u88ab\u4e00\u96bb\u300c\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u624b\u300d\u727d\u5f15\uff0c\u800c\u5be6\u73fe\u8d85\u51fa\u5927\u5bb6\u539f\u5148\u9810\u671f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5927\u773e\u4fc3\u9032\u793e\u6703\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u81ea\u7136\u4ea4\u6613\u5c07\u6703\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u4fc3\u9032\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u66f4\u9ad8\u6c34\u6e96\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u793e\u6703\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u6700\u597d\u9014\u5f91\u5c31\u662f\u5be6\u884c\u7d93\u6fdf\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u7528\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u624b\u53bb\u589e\u9032\u793e\u6703\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u4e0d\u9055\u53cd\u200b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u90fd\u61c9\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7531\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u968e\u7d1a\u8005\u4e92\u76f8\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u904b\u7528\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u53bb\u5e72\u9810\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9069\u8005\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u9069\u8005\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002\u300c\u570b\u5bcc\u8ad6\u300d\u662f\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\u5169\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u6700\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u908f\u8f2f\u3001\u89e3\u91cb\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u8ef8\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

18\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d<\/strong> \u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577<\/strong> \u8077\u5834\u537b\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

18\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u628a\u8a31\u591a\u5de5\u4eba\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u5ee0\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5be6\u65bd\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u800c\u5de5\u5ee0\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u9010\u6f38\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u8001\u95c6\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5925\u4f34\u8b8a\u6210\u666e\u901a\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5de5\u4f5c\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u6280\u8853\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u719f\u7df4\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u6280\u8853\u719f\u7df4\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u88ab\u5de5\u8cc7\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u65b0\u9032\u5de5\u4eba\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u7c4c\u7d44\u5de5\u6703\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8ac7\u5224\u5236\u5ea6\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u516c\u6703\u6536\u53d6\u6703\u8cbb\u4e26\u96c7\u7528\u5f8b\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5408\u7406\u5de5\u8cc7\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u5411\u85aa\u8cc7\u904e\u4f4e\u7684\u5de5\u5ee0\u8001\u95c6\u65bd\u58d3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u5de5\u5ee0\u53ea\u80fd\u96c7\u7528\u5de5\u6703\u54e1\u5de5\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u4f01\u696d\u8001\u95c6\u611f\u53d7\u83ab\u5927\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4f01\u696d\u8001\u95c6\u900f\u904e\u6cd5\u9662\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u64ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1842\u5e74\u7684\u9ebb\u585e\u8af8\u585e\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u6c7a\u5de5\u4eba\u5011\u7528\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u5de5\u6703\u6d3b\u52d5\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5de5\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u91dd\u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u52de\u5de5\u8b70\u984c\u8207\u8cc7\u65b9\u8ac7\u5224\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u5929\u5de5\u4f5c10\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u7ae5\u5de5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u96a8\u8457\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u91cd\u5de5\u696d\u7684\u96c7\u54e1\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u52de\u5de5\u88ab\u96c7\u4e3b\u58d3\u69a8\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f9d\u7136\u5c64\u51fa\u4e0d\u7aae\uff0c\u5de5\u6642\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u5de5\u4f5c14\u301c16\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u8cc7\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u74b0\u5883\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u60e1\u52a3\u885b\u751f\u689d\u4ef6\u6709\u5bb3\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u53d7\u50b7\u6b98\u75be\u5f8c\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u9818\u5230\u5de5\u8cc7\u548c\u91ab\u7642\u88dc\u8cbc\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7b49\u6b7b\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u6b67\u8996\u52de\u5de5\uff0c\u96c7\u7528\u5ec9\u50f9\u7ae5\u5de5\uff0c\u5973\u5de5\u5de5\u8cc7\u6975\u4f4e\uff0c\u8077\u5834\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u540c\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5be6\u65bd\u9ad8\u95dc\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u963b\u64cb\u5916\u570b\u5ec9\u50f9\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u7f8e\u570b\u5de5\u696d\u8fc5\u901f\u767c\u5c55\uff0c1850\u5e74\u81f31900\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u7684\u7522\u503c\u6210\u9577\u5f9e10.191\u5104\u7f8e\u5143\u589e\u52a0\u5230114.692\u5104\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u8d85\u904e11\u500d\uff0c1859\u5e74\u52301914\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u7684\u7522\u503c\u589e\u52a018\u500d\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u95dc\u7a05\u4f7f\u7f8e\u570b\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u7372\u5f97\u58df\u65b7\u5229\u6f64\uff0c1850\u5e74\u52301910\u5e74\u7684 60\u5e74\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u5de5\u5ee0\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u5e73\u5747\u589e\u52a0\u81f3\u5c1140\u500d\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u7d047\u500d\uff0c\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u589e\u52a0\u8d85\u904e20\u500d\uff0c\u7522\u54c1\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u92b7\u552e\u7684\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5feb\u548c\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6\u6240\u5f97 \u5230\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1878\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71Rutherford Birchard Hayes\uff08\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\uff09\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u60c5\u54a8\u6587\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u6578\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u5c07\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e72\u64fe\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u624d\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u5065\u5168\u4e14\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u7684\u5546\u696d\u7e41\u69ae\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7372\u5f97\u52dd\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u76e3\u7763\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u7af6\u722d\u4e2d\u4e92\u76f8\u4f75\u8cfc\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u6210\u58df\u65b7\uff0c1880\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u77f3\u6cb9\u5927\u738bWilliam Rockefeller\u5efa\u7acb\u6a19\u6e96\u77f3\u6cb9\u4f01\u696d\uff08Standard Oil Trust\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u5bb6\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u539f\u6cb9\u751f\u7522\u5546\u5f9e\u4e0a\u6e38\u751f\u7522\u539f\u6cb9\uff0c\u6536\u8cfc\u6cb9\u7530\uff0c\u58df\u65b7\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b95%\u7684\u7149\u6cb9\u300190%\u7684\u8f38\u6cb9\u80fd\u529b\u300125%\u7684\u539f\u6cb9\u7522\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u77f3\u6cb9\u5de5\u696d\u7684\u5de8\u7378\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u63a5\u8457\u9435\u8def\u5927\u738b\u3001\u92fc\u9435\u5927\u738b\u3001\u6c7d\u8eca\u5927\u738b\u9678\u7e8c\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u5927\u4f01\u696d\u958b\u59cb\u7528\u975e\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u6d88\u6ec5\u7af6\u722d\u8005\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u6c11\u8ca9\u552e\u5546\u54c1\u6f2b\u5929\u958b\u50f9\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8fb2\u6c11\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u9020\u80a5\u6599\u548c\u9664\u8349\u6bba\u87f2\u5291\u7b49\u5316\u5b78\u85e5\u5291\u7834\u58de\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u6709\u6bd2\u8fb2\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u85e5\u54c1\u6c59\u67d3\u7f8e\u570b\u5168\u570b\u7684\u98f2\u7528\u6c34\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\uff0c10\u6b72\u7926\u5de5\u9577\u6642\u9593\u5728\u5751\u9053\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u62c9\u7164\u7926\u8eca\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u626d\u66f2\u6b98\u7f3a\uff0c\u98df\u54c1\u5de5\u5ee0\u6df7\u5408\u6b7b\u8001\u9f20\u8089\uff0c\u92b7\u552e\u5047\u5192\u507d\u52a3\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5dde\u548c\u806f\u90a6\u5404\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u54e1\u88ab\u4f01\u696d\u8cc4\u8cc2\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76e3\u7763\u6a5f\u5236\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7121\u5948\u4f46\u4e5f\u7121\u80fd\u70ba\u529b\u30021880\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u767e\u842c\u5bcc\u7fc1\u4e0d\u5230100\u4eba\uff0c1916 \u5e74\u5247\u8d85\u904e4\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u6578\u4e0d\u76e1\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5feb\u901f\u6e67\u5411\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u53ea\u6709\u7f8e\u570b\u5bb6\u5ead\u7e3d\u65781%\u7684\u5bcc\u4eba\u5011\uff0c\u57281913\u5e74\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4f54\u7f8e\u570b\u6240\u6709\u5bb6\u5ead\u7e3d\u6536\u5165\u768415%\uff0c\u7531 Rockefeller\u3001Andrew Carnegie\u3001Russell Sage\u7b49\u5bcc\u8c6a\u5df2\u7d93\u64c1\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u5168\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

19\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u52de\u5de5\u5718\u9ad4\u610f\u8b58\u62ac\u982d  \u53cd\u6258\u62c9\u65af\u6cd5\u6210\u7acb <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u65bc\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u5168\u570b\u6027\u7684\u52de\u5de5\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u52de\u52d5\u9a0e\u58eb\u5718\uff08Knights of Labor\uff09\u9019\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u65e5\u76ca\u58ef\u5927\uff0c\u8a72\u7d44\u7e54\u53cd\u5c0d\u7f77\u5de5\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5718\u7d50\u5168\u9ad4\u52de\u5de5\u3001\u7537\u5973\u540c\u5de5\u540c\u916c\u30018\u5c0f\u6642\u5de5\u4f5c\u5236\u3001\u5ee2\u9664\u7ae5\u5de5\u8207\u56da\u72af\u52de\u52d5\u5236\u5ea6\u7b49\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5a92\u9ad4\u628a\u52de\u52d5\u9a0e\u58eb\u5718\u63cf \u8ff0\u70ba\u5371\u96aa\u6fc0\u9032\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u7f8e\u570b\u52de\u5de5\u806f\u5408\u6703\uff08American Federation of Labor\uff09\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u52de\u5de5\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u52de\u5de5\u5011\u8a34\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4eab\u5230\u4f01\u696d\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u52de\u52d5\uff0c\u6703\u54e1\u4eba\u6578\u57281904\u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u9054\u5230175\u842c\u4eba\uff0c1919\u5e74\u6703\u54e1\u4eba\u6578\u8d85\u904e300\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5de5\u696d\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u9678\u7e8c\u51fa\u73fe\u5927\u7f77\u5de5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u91c0\u6210\u6d41\u8840\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u9032\u5165\u975e\u5e38\u52d5\u8569\u7684\u6642\u671f\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001 \u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6539\u9769\u8072\u6d6a\u9010\u6f38\u6e67\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u5e9c\u4f9d\u7136\u548c\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u9760\u650f\uff0c\u807d\u4e0d\u898b\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u773c\u88e1\u53ea\u6709\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u4e0d\u9867\u52de\u5de5\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u516c\u773e\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7576\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u9435\u8def\u516c\u53f8\u958b\u59cb\u7d50\u76df\uff0c\u806f\u76df\u540d\u70ba\u300cTrust\u300d\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u9019\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u80a1\u6b0a\u5fc5\u9808\u4ea4\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u5c08\u9580\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u6703\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u806f\u76df\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u8cb7\u4e26\u51fa\u552e\u5dde\u8b70 \u6703\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u58d3\u69a8\u8fb2\u6c11\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u7570\u5df1\u6392\u9664\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u5ba2\u6236\u5728\u904b\u8cbb\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u65b9\u9762\u5be6\u65bd\u5dee\u5225\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u63d0\u9ad8\u6216\u964d\u4f4e\u9435\u8def\u904b\u8cbb\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6539\u8b8a\u6216\u6bc0\u6ec5\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u5340\uff0cTrust\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u70ba \u58df\u65b7\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u76f4\u52301890\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u53cd\u58df\u65b7\u6258\u62c9\u65af\u6cd5\u300aSherman Anti-Trust Act\u300b\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u6539\u9769\u8005\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa  \u5e02\u5834\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u6642\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1900\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6539\u9769\u8005\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u8a72\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\u8996\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\uff0c\u9d15\u9ce5\u5fc3\u614b\u53ea\u6703\u9020\u6210\u793e\u6703\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u52d5\u4e82\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u8005\u5927\u591a\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u8eab\u52de\u5de5\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c1893\u301c 1898\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u5168\u570b\u7f77\u5de5\u6709\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u67097,029\u6b21\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e741,171\u6b21\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u8a18\u8005\u5192\u8457\u751f\u547d\u5371\u96aa\u63ed\u9732\u7522\u696d\u754c\u7684\u919c\u805e\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6252\u7cde\u904b\u52d5 \uff08muckraker\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982McClure’s Magazine\u9019\u672c\u96dc\u8a8c\uff0c\u6253\u64ca\u7576\u6642\u300c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u80fd\u767c\u8ca1\uff0c\u8b93\u516c\u773e\u5229\u76ca\u898b\u9b3c\u53bb\u5427\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u7d93\u71df\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u6709\u826f\u77e5\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7121\u60c5\u7684\u63ed\u9732\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u77e5 \u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7d1b\u7d1b\u52a0\u5165\u63ed\u767c\u9ed1\u5e55\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u5beb\u51fa\u8a31\u591a\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u8f3f\u8ad6\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u53c3\u8b70\u9662\u7684\u9285\u7246\u9435\u58c1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7121\u826f\u53c3\u8b70\u54e1\u5728\u4e0b\u5c46\u9078\u8209\u6216\u5e7e\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u53cd\u6258\u62c9\u65af\u6cd5\u6848 \u5f8c\u4f86\u9678\u7e8c\u62c6\u89e3\u4e86\u5927\u578b\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u52e2\u529b\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u5efa\u7acb\u4fdd\u8b77\u52de\u5de5\u6a5f\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6709\u540d\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u6539\u9769\u8005Frances Perkins\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u52de\u5de5\u90e8\u9577\uff0c\u5979\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u5c0f\u7f85\u65af\u798f\uff08Franklin D. Roosevelt\uff09\u7e3d\u7d71\u7684\u65b0\u653f\uff08The New Deal\uff09\u7acb\u6cd5\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u30021912\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u6210\u529f\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u9078\u8209\u53c3\u8b70\u54e1\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u7d42\u65bc\u9084\u7d66\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u30021906\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u6539\u9769\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4f01 \u696d\u5b8c\u6574\u8cbc\u4e0a\u6a19\u7c64\uff0c\u6a19\u793a\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u85e5\u54c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u8089\u985e\u6aa2\u9a57\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u30021929\u5e74\u5927\u856d\u689d\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u7e3d\u7d71\u548c\u570b\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u4fee\u6b63\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u898f\u7bc4\u80a1\u7968\u8cb7\u8ce3\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u898f\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u7522\u696d\u7684\u5de5\u8cc7\u6a19\u6e96\u548c \u5408\u6cd5\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5c0d\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u85e5\u54c1\u548c\u5316\u599d\u54c1\u7684\u751f\u7522\u3001\u92b7\u552e\u5be6\u884c\u66f4\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u990a\u8001\u548c\u5931\u696d\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u4fdd\u969c\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6b77\u4e00\u5834\u7531\u7e3d\u7d71\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u7f8e\u570b\u653e\u4efb\u4eba \u6c11\u53bb\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u653f\u300d\u958b\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e02\u5834\u898f\u7bc4\u9019\u96bb\u300c\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u624b\u300d\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9810\u9019\u96bb\u300c\u770b\u5f97\u898b\u7684\u624b\u300d\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5f71\u97ff\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u5e02\u5834\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u540c\u6642\u767c\u63ee\uff0c\u800c\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u5927\u8846\u7684\u6307\u8cac\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5bcc\u8c6a\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u8f49\u5411\u7d93\u71df\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Rockefeller\u5f8c\u4f86\u7e3d\u662f\u96a8\u8eab\u5e36\u7740\u63db\u597d\u7684\u9280\u5e63\uff0c\u89aa\u5207\u7684\u767c\u7d66\u6e67\u5230 \u8eab\u908a\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u5011\uff0cCarnegie\u958b\u59cb\u5f9e\u4e8b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u9280\u884c\u5927\u4ea8Morgan\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u8d0a\u52a9\u8005\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u958b\u59cb\u71df\u9020\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u89aa\u6c11\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u826f\u597d\u5236\u5ea6\u8981\u9760\u4eba\u6c11\u722d\u53d6  \u53f0\u7063\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u53f0\u7063\u6700\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u6301\u7e8c\u6e67\u73fe\u8a31\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u9ed1\u5fc3\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u52de\u5de5\u5f85\u9047\u5dee\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u7fa8\u6155\u6b50\u7f8e\u6fb3\u52a0\u7b49\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u548c\u52de\u5de5\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8cc7\u672c\u5316\u7684\u5f37\u6b0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4e5f \u66fe\u7d93\u7d93\u6b77\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5931\u63a7\u76841840\u301c1940\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6b77\u7d93\u9019\u5834\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u539f\u4f86\u81ea\u7531\u7d93\u6fdf\u5e02\u5834\u662f\u6703\u6709\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5473\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42\u8cc7\u672c\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6700\u9ad8\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u5931\u63a7\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u8b8a\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u3002\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u958b\u59cb\u53c3\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u70ba\u4eba\u6c11\u767c\u8072\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u5f9e\u653f\uff0c\u653f\u58c7\u6703\u9010\u6f38\u826f\u5e63\u9a45\u9010\u52a3\u5e63\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5f62\u6210\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u61b2\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u4eba\u6c11\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u7d93\u6b77\u985e\u4f3c20\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5145\u6eff\u4e0d\u6b63\u7fa9\u548c\u507d\u5584\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5011\u4e3b\u52d5\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u767c\u96e3\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u9084\u4e0d\u61c2\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c2000\u5e74\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u9032\u6b65\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u653f\u9ee8\u8f2a\u66ff\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u8b93\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u8072\u6d6a\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u52de\u5de5\u6b0a\u76ca\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8077\u5834\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5371\u5bb3\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u548c\u98f2\u98df\u3002\u9019\u662f\u9577\u671f\u6297\u6230\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u6539\u9769\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u73fe\u5728\u5c31\u505a\u8d77\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u7d66\u5f8c\u4ee3\u5b50\u5b6b\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002
http:\/\/www.naipo.com\/Portals\/1\/web_tw\/Knowledge_Center\/Editorial\/publish-125.htm
<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1776\u5e74\uff0c\u4e9e\u7576\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff08Adam Smith\uff09\u6240\u63d0 […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-opinion"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4VJae-Zy","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.moneydj.com\/joe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.moneydj.com\/joe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.moneydj.com\/joe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.moneydj.com\/joe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.moneydj.com\/joe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3816"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.moneydj.com\/joe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3816\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4367,"href":"https:\/\/blog.moneydj.com\/joe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3816\/revisions\/4367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.moneydj.com\/joe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.moneydj.com\/joe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3816"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.moneydj.com\/joe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}